ROSA Linux is a Linux operating system distribution, developed by the Russian company 'LLC NTC IT ROSA'. It is available in three different editions: ROSA Desktop Fresh, ROSA Enterprise Desktop and ROSA Enterprise Linux Server, with the latter two aiming at commercial users. Its desktop editions come bundled with closed-source software such as Adobe Flash Player, multimedia codecs and Steam.

ROSA Desktop Fresh R10, the latest desktop release as of December 2017, is available with three different desktop environments: KDE Plasma 4, KDE Plasma 5 and LXQt. It also contains open source software developed in-house by ROSA, such as ROSA Image Writer or ROSA Media Player. ROSA Linux has been certified by the Ministry of Defence of Russia.

ROSA originated as a fork of now defunct French Linux distribution Mandriva and has since then been developed independently. The ROSA company was founded in early 2010 and released the first version of its operating system in December 2010. It initially only targeted enterprise users, but in late 2012, ROSA started its end-user oriented distribution, Desktop Fresh. Several distributions aimed at former Mandriva users, such as OpenMandriva Lx or MagOS Linux, are now themselves based on ROSA. Before its bankruptcy, Mandriva developed its last releases jointly with ROSA. Mandriva 2011 was also based on ROSA.

Although its main popularity is in the Russian-speaking market, ROSA Desktop also received favorable reviews by several non-Russian online publications. German technology website Golem.de praised ROSA for its stability and hardware support, while LinuxInsider.com called ROSA "a real Powerhouse".